It has from very early times also been regarded as a form of personal adornment. In addition, there is the less costly costume jewellery, made from lower value materials and mass-produced. In some cases people were buried with their jewellery. Other variations include wire sculpture (wrap) jewellery, using anything from base metal wire with rock tumbled stone to precious metals and precious gemstones.

The non-metals include some elements known as semi-metals who share some properties with metals but differ in other characteristics. The hardest mineral known to man is from this subclass, as well as one of the softest. The Metals Subclass and related metal alloys contains metals whose properties are rather similar due to the common way in which they crystallize and bond.

All gemstones have some characteristics falling short of perfection though; even the seemingly perfect Diamond has four directions of cleavage. Since quartz is everywhere especially in common dirt and dust. Any material that is softer may be scratched during ordinary wear. Nevertheless, diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds still have a reputation that exceeds those of other gemstones.

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